{"id":1999,"date":"2024-03-27T08:07:37","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T08:07:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=1999"},"modified":"2024-07-24T13:57:06","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T13:57:06","slug":"habitual-miscarriages-symptoms-and-causes-of-the-problem-which-tests-to-perform","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie","title":{"rendered":"Habitual miscarriages - symptoms and causes of the problem. What tests should be carried out?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"czym-sa-poronienia-nawykowe\">What are habitual miscarriages?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"check-list\">\n\t    <header class=\"check-list__header\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<p><a href=\"#\">Miscarriages<\/a>&nbsp;Habitual onset is a problem faced by 3-4% women worldwide (1). They occur when&nbsp;<strong>3 subsequent pregnancies spontaneously and spontaneously terminate<\/strong>. Habitual miscarriages include both:<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/header>\n    <ul class=\"mb-0 p-0 check-list__inner\">\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p> terminated pregnancies,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>empty foetal eggs,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>miscarriages of live pregnancies,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>as well as biochemical pregnancies - i.e. pregnancies whose only symptom was an elevated concentration of beta-HCG (2) in the blood.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a generally accepted principle that after one miscarriage, women who are considered healthy should not undergo detailed diagnostics because&nbsp;<strong>On average, 15% pregnant women experience the loss of a clinically diagnosed pregnancy<\/strong>, only 2% - 2 consecutive pregnancy miscarriages and only 0.4-1% - 3 consecutive pregnancy losses. The relatively high percentage of one-off losses is a common occurrence, which helps to reassure patients and give great hope that the development of the next pregnancy will be normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The danger of not treating habitual miscarriages is that with each subsequent miscarriage, the chance of delivering the next pregnancy decreases. After two miscarriages, the risk of another miscarriage is 33%, and after four, the probability of losing the next pregnancy increases to 66-70% (3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern knowledge allows the cause of miscarriages to be found only in 50% patients undergoing diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"przyczyny-nawracajacych-poronien-samoistnych\">Causes of recurrent spontaneous abortions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"check-list\">\n\t    <header class=\"check-list__header\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<p>Without proper diagnosis, it is difficult to determine what is causing the miscarriage, as the causes of habitual miscarriages can vary greatly.&nbsp;<strong>The most common causes can include: anatomical, immunological, genetic, endocrinological, infectious, thrombotic and environmentally induced causes<\/strong>. However, causes of miscarriages such as (4) should not be forgotten either:<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/header>\n    <ul class=\"mb-0 p-0 check-list__inner\">\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>abnormalities of the uterine structure,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>insufficiency of the luteal phase of the cycle<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>severe systemic disorders (uncompensated diabetes, metabolic disorders, renal failure),<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>thyroid disorders,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>prolonged stress,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>malnutrition,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>stimulants,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>certain medicines,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>obesity.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Appropriate and detailed diagnosis of habitual miscarriages will help pinpoint the cause and enable proper treatment, unfortunately in some cases several causes overlap or after detailed diagnosis the cause cannot be found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"objawy-poronienia-samoistnego\">Symptoms of spontaneous miscarriage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The symptoms of spontaneous miscarriage can vary depending on the stage of the pregnancy. Often, in the case of an early miscarriage, occurring in the first few weeks, the woman does not even realise she was pregnant and takes the bleeding caused by the miscarriage as monthly bleeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sometimes this spotting or bleeding is the first and only symptom of a miscarriage.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its duration is a very individual feature. In some patients, the bleeding may be short and intense, while in others it lasts for several days, gradually intensifying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some patients may experience uterine contractions or lower abdominal pain. Others signal a weakening of pregnancy symptoms preceding the miscarriage (relief of nausea, reduction of breast tone). Apart from bleeding\/spotting, symptoms of spontaneous miscarriage can be very subjective and individual (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"badania-po-poronieniu-%e2%80%93-jakie-wykonac\">Tests after miscarriage - which ones to do?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"check-list\">\n\t    <header class=\"check-list__header\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<p>A correct and thorough diagnosis of miscarriages makes it possible to determine the cause and to undertake treatment that will enable the future development of the pregnancy to proceed properly until a happy termination. Among the most commonly performed investigations after miscarriages, the following tests are mentioned (6):<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/header>\n    <ul class=\"mb-0 p-0 check-list__inner\">\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>histopathology,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>fetal genetics,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>genetic parents,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>imaging for diagnosis of uterine defects<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>hormones,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>for thrombophilia.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Do not forget to perform a blood count to determine markers of infection. Performing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/doctors\/immunologist\/\">immunological tests<\/a>&nbsp;after a miscarriage can also shed light on the cause if it was not diagnosed earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"badanie-genetyczne-plodu-%e2%80%93-dlaczego-to-takie-wazne\">Fetal genetic testing - why is it so important?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Fetal genetic tests are a very important part of the diagnosis of recurrent miscarriages. They can show whether the genetic abnormality of the fetus is what is causing the miscarriage - including&nbsp;<strong>chromosomal defects and aberrations<\/strong>, which are one of the most common causes of miscarriages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These tests are carried out on material taken during a uterine cavity curettage or material secured by medical personnel, sometimes the patient herself during a spontaneous miscarriage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"badanie-genetyczne-rodzicow\">Genetic testing of parents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/research-2\/prenatal\/veracity\/\">Genetic testing before pregnancy<\/a>\u00a0enable the number and structure of chromosomes to be assessed. Some changes in the karyotype, even if they do not affect the health of the carrier of the defective gene, can lead to the termination of a pregnancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre-pregnancy genetic testing will determine if there is a mutation in the maternal karyotype of the genes for coagulation factors (responsible for the normal structure of the coagulation system and the occurrence of thrombophilia) and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/blog\/mthfr-gene-mutation-and-getting-pregnant\/\">MTHFR<\/a>&nbsp;and (whose aberrations reduce folic acid absorption while raising homocysteine levels, which can cause miscarriages) (7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"check-list\">\n\t    <header class=\"check-list__header\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jakie-inne-badania-wykonac-po-poronieniu\">What other tests should be performed after a miscarriage?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The more tests that are carried out after miscarriages, the more accurate the diagnosis and the better the chance of knowing the cause of the miscarriage. If pre-pregnancy genetic testing or histopathological examination of the fetus does not indicate a reason for the spontaneous termination of pregnancy, it may be helpful:<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/header>\n    <ul class=\"mb-0 p-0 check-list__inner\">\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>determination of infection markers (8) - intrauterine infections can lead to miscarriages and premature births.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"check-list\">\n\t    <header class=\"check-list__header\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<p>Infections in particular&nbsp;<strong>rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and chlamydia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/header>\n    <ul class=\"mb-0 p-0 check-list__inner\">\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>immunological tests (9) - include tests for antiphospholipid syndrome (APL), tests for placental antigens (APA), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-TG and anti-TPO,TRAB tests<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>hormone tests - taking into account prolactin, thyroid hormones and sex hormones,<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>Ultrasound of the reproductive organs - to visualise the anatomy of the uterus and to determine whether any abnormalities may lead to miscarriage.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n            <li class=\"d-flex check-list__item\">\n            <div class=\"svg-container\">\n                <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"#icon-check-2\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"check-list__item__rte\">\n                <p>Hysteroscopy- assessment of the uterine cavity - adhesions, uterine septum, submucosal myomas, polyps.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>The above tests help to detect the cause of recurrent miscarriages and implement targeted treatment that will enable the couple not only to get pregnant, but to bring the pregnancy to term and fulfil the dream of having their own child. It is advisable to perform at least some of them after the second miscarriage, thus increasing the chance of a healthy and normal pregnancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"konsultacja-merytoryczna\">Substantive consultation:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/doctor\/jolanta-omiecina\/\">dr. med. Jolanta Omiecina<\/a>&nbsp;- Specialist gynaecologist-obstetrician<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliography:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MICHALAK, MAGDALENA, DARMOCHWA\u0141-KOLARZ, DOROTA, LESZCZY\u0143SKA-GORZELAK, BO\u017bENA, et al. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of habitual miscarriages-part I. GinPolMedProject, 2011, vol. 1, pp. 15-30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malinowski, A., and J. R. Wilczynski. \u201eHabitual miscarriages, in Pathology of early pregnancy, ed.\u201d T. Paszkowski, IZT, Lublin (2004): 67-100.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MICHALAK, MAGDALENA, DARMOCHWA\u0141-KOLARZ, DOROTA, LESZCZY\u0143SKA-GORZELAK, BO\u017bENA, et al. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of habitual miscarriages-part I. GinPolMedProject, 2011, vol. 1, pp. 15-30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Palka, Agnieszka. \"Habitual miscarriages-causes.\" (2012).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MICHALAK, MAGDALENA, et al. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of habitual miscarriages-part I. GinPolMedProject, 2011, 1: 15-30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ZAWI\u0141A, Karolina. Recurrent miscarriages diagnosis and treatment. A model of care for the miscarrying patient. 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SULEJ, Aneta, et al. Evaluation of the karyotype of pregnant women with threatened miscarriage. EJMT, 2015, 4: 9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SIKORA, JERZY; BAKON, I. G. O. R.; DEMBNICKI, TOMASZ. The importance of infectious agents in miscarriage and preterm birth. Gynaecology and obstetrics-medical project, 2011, 2.20: 35-46.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ROZMUS-WARCHOLI\u0143SKA, Wioletta; SZLAGA, Agnieszka; SKRZYPULEC, Violetta. Immunological causes of habitual miscarriages.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"articles-slider\">\n\t    \t\t<div class=\"articles-slider__wrapper\">\n\t\t<header class=\"articles-slider__header\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"zobacz-podobne-artykuly\">See similar articles<\/h2>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"p-0 splide js-articles-slider\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"splide__track\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"splide__list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"articles-slider__item splide__slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/blog\/genetyczne-przyczyny-nieplodnosci\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item__wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"position-relative overflow-hidden item__thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"262\" height=\"148\" src=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-262x148.jpg\" class=\"attachment-articles-slider-thumb size-articles-slider-thumb\" alt=\"Genetic causes of infertility\" srcset=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-262x148.jpg 262w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-380x215.jpg 380w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-54x31.jpg 54w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-411x232.jpg 411w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-71x40.jpg 71w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-442x250.jpg 442w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-734x415.jpg 734w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-70x40.jpg 70w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-63x36.jpg 63w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-464x262.jpg 464w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-55x31.jpg 55w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-112x63.jpg 112w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-655x370.jpg 655w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-368x208.jpg 368w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-24x14.jpg 24w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-550x311.jpg 550w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-348x197.jpg 348w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-88x50.jpg 88w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-148x84.jpg 148w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-176x99.jpg 176w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-132x75.jpg 132w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-272x154.jpg 272w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-127x72.jpg 127w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-45x25.jpg 45w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-500x282.jpg 500w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-585x330.jpg 585w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-75x42.jpg 75w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg-283x160.jpg 283w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dna-jpg.jpg 770w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"mb-0 item__title\">Genetic causes of infertility<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"svg-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#icon-article-arrow\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"articles-slider__item splide__slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/blog\/trombofilia-a-zajscie-w-ciaze\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item__wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"position-relative overflow-hidden item__thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"262\" height=\"148\" src=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-262x148.jpg\" class=\"attachment-articles-slider-thumb size-articles-slider-thumb\" alt=\"Thrombophilia and getting pregnant\" srcset=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-262x148.jpg 262w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-380x215.jpg 380w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-54x31.jpg 54w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-411x232.jpg 411w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-71x40.jpg 71w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-442x250.jpg 442w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-734x415.jpg 734w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-70x40.jpg 70w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-63x36.jpg 63w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-464x262.jpg 464w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-55x31.jpg 55w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-112x63.jpg 112w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-655x370.jpg 655w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-368x208.jpg 368w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-24x14.jpg 24w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-550x311.jpg 550w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-348x197.jpg 348w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-88x50.jpg 88w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-148x84.jpg 148w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-176x99.jpg 176w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-132x75.jpg 132w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-272x154.jpg 272w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-127x72.jpg 127w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-45x25.jpg 45w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-500x282.jpg 500w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-585x330.jpg 585w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-75x42.jpg 75w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg-283x160.jpg 283w, https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/trombofilia-jpg.jpg 770w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"mb-0 item__title\">Thrombophilia and getting pregnant<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"svg-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#icon-article-arrow\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"splide__nav\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"d-flex splide__arrows\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"position-static splide__arrow splide__arrow--prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M14.7 10.9999L18.3306 15.2356C18.7158 15.685 18.7158 16.3481 18.3306 16.7975L14.7 21.0332\" stroke=\"#222A2F\" stroke-width=\"1.1\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"position-static splide__pagination\" role=\"tablist\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"position-static splide__arrow splide__arrow--next\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M17.3 21.0001L13.6694 16.7644C13.2842 16.315 13.2842 15.6519 13.6694 15.2025L17.3 10.9668\" stroke=\"#222A2F\" stroke-width=\"1.1\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","blog-category":[],"blog-tags":[58],"class_list":["post-1999","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog-tags-badania-genetyczne"],"acf":{"blog_clinics":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Poronienia nawykowe \u2013 objawy i przyczyny problemu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Poronienia nawykowe \u2013 objawy i przyczyny problemu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Czym s\u0105 poronienia nawykowe? Istnieje og\u00f3lne przyj\u0119ta zasada, \u017ce po jednym poronieniu kobiety uwa\u017cane za zdrowe nie powinny by\u0107 poddawane szczeg\u00f3\u0142owej diagnostyce, poniewa\u017c&nbsp;\u015brednio 15% ci\u0119\u017carnych do\u015bwiadcza utraty klinicznie rozpoznanej ci\u0105\u017cy, jedynie 2% &#8211; 2 kolejnych poronie\u0144 ci\u0105\u017c oraz tylko 0,4-1% &#8211; 3 kolejnych strat ci\u0105\u017c. Stosunkowo wysoki odsetek strat jednorazowych jest zjawiskiem powszechnym, co pozwala [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/blog\/miscarriages-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Invimed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-24T13:57:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/poronienia-nawykowe-jpg.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"770\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"435\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Habitual miscarriages - symptoms and causes of the problem","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Poronienia nawykowe \u2013 objawy i przyczyny problemu","og_description":"Czym s\u0105 poronienia nawykowe? Istnieje og\u00f3lne przyj\u0119ta zasada, \u017ce po jednym poronieniu kobiety uwa\u017cane za zdrowe nie powinny by\u0107 poddawane szczeg\u00f3\u0142owej diagnostyce, poniewa\u017c&nbsp;\u015brednio 15% ci\u0119\u017carnych do\u015bwiadcza utraty klinicznie rozpoznanej ci\u0105\u017cy, jedynie 2% &#8211; 2 kolejnych poronie\u0144 ci\u0105\u017c oraz tylko 0,4-1% &#8211; 3 kolejnych strat ci\u0105\u017c. Stosunkowo wysoki odsetek strat jednorazowych jest zjawiskiem powszechnym, co pozwala [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/blog\/miscarriages-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment\/","og_site_name":"Invimed","article_modified_time":"2024-07-24T13:57:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":770,"height":435,"url":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/poronienia-nawykowe-jpg.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie","url":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie","name":"Habitual miscarriages - symptoms and causes of the problem","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/poronienia-nawykowe-jpg.jpg","datePublished":"2024-03-27T08:07:37+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-24T13:57:06+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/poronienia-nawykowe-jpg.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/poronienia-nawykowe-jpg.jpg","width":770,"height":435,"caption":"Poronienia nawykowe \u2013 objawy i przyczyny problemu. Jakie badania wykona\u0107?"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/blog\/poronienia-objawy-przyczyny-diagnostyka-i-leczenie#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Poronienia nawykowe \u2013 objawy i przyczyny problemu. Jakie badania wykona\u0107?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/","name":"Invimed","description":"Our mission is to create a happy family together","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/1999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog-category?post=1999"},{"taxonomy":"blog-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invimed.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog-tags?post=1999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}