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As the statistics show, Genetic abnormalities occur even in 30%-50% pairs<\/strong> affected by infertility. Changes in the genetic material of a woman, her partner or both of them can cause difficulties in getting pregnant, spontaneous miscarriages and birth defects in the foetus. One of the basic tests for genetic diagnosis is the karyotype test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The karyotype is the organism-specific sum of chromosomes with a characteristic number and structure. A chromosome is a thread-shaped structure contained in the cell nucleus, containing the factors of inheritance (genes), consisting of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material) and proteins (usually histones). The genes located in each chromosome are responsible for the normal development and functioning of the human body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The normal human karyotype consists of 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes, which determine the inherited characteristics of an individual, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes - allosomes. The normal karyotype of a male is 46, XY and that of a female is 46, XX, where the XY chromosomes determine the male sex and the XX the female sex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Defects in the karyotype can be related to quantitative abnormalities of the chromosomes and to changes in their structure. These are the focus of the geneticist examining the blood sample submitted for karyotype testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhat is a karyotype?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Karyotype defects, resulting from quantitative chromosome abnormalities, are divided into:<\/h2>\n\n<\/div>\n <\/header>\n
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